![]() Getting appropriate treatment, making lifestyle changes, and controlling blood sugar levels can greatly improve a person’s health and quality of life and reduce the risk of complications. Recognizing the early signs of type 2 diabetes can allow a person to get a diagnosis and treatment sooner. To learn more about type 2 and other forms of diabetes, visit our diabetes hub. The affected areas are usually itchy, but a person may also experience burning, skin discoloration, and soreness. Yeast infections tend to occur on warm, moist areas of the skin, such as the mouth, genital areas, and armpits. Itching and yeast infectionsĮxcess sugar in the blood and urine provides food for yeast, which can lead to infection. This skin condition is known as acanthosis nigricans. ![]() Patches of darker skin forming on creases of the neck, armpit, or groin can also result from diabetes. It can worsen over time and lead to more serious complications if a person does not get treatment for their diabetes. In people with type 2 diabetes, this can lead to pain or a sensation of tingling or numbness in the hands and feet. High blood sugar levels can affect blood circulation and damage the nerves. Tingling, numbness, or pain in the hands or feet Slow wound healing also increases the risk of infection. As a result, even small cuts and wounds may take weeks or months to heal. High sugar levels in the blood can damage the body’s nerves and blood vessels, which can impair blood circulation. If a person with diabetes goes without treatment, the damage to these blood vessels can become more severe, and permanent vision loss may eventually occur. This can cause blurred vision but will improve when blood sugar levels reduce. High blood sugar levels can also lead to swelling of the eye lens. Blurry visionĪn excess of sugar in the blood can damage the tiny blood vessels in the eyes, which can cause blurry vision. ![]() Type 2 diabetes can impact a person’s energy levels and cause them to feel fatigued.ĭiabetes fatigue occurs due to insufficient sugar moving from the bloodstream into the body’s cells. In people with diabetes, not enough of this glucose moves from the bloodstream into the body’s cells.Īs a result, people with type 2 diabetes often feel constantly hungry, regardless of how recently they have eaten. The digestive system breaks food down into a simple sugar called glucose, which the body uses as fuel. People with diabetes often do not get enough energy from their food. Over time, this can cause dehydration and make a person feel more thirsty than usual. The frequent urination necessary to remove excess sugar from the blood can result in the body losing additional water. This can lead to a person needing to urinate more frequently, particularly at night. When blood sugar levels are high, the kidneys try to remove the excess sugar by filtering it out of the blood. See Diabetic kidney disease and Diabetic cardiovascular disease.The early signs and symptoms of type 2 diabetes can include: 1. ![]() Management of glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes who have or are at high risk for comorbid chronic kidney disease, heart failure, or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is beyond the scope of this topic. 2023 Jan 1 46(suppl 1):S1-291.Ī single blood sample is sufficient to establish a diabetes diagnosis if assays of both HbA1c and FPG meet criteria for diabetes diagnosis. 2023 Jan 1 46(suppl 1):S1-291.Īlternatively, diabetes can be diagnosed with a single random plasma glucose of ≥200 mg/dL (≥11.1 mmol/L) plus symptoms of hyperglycemia or hyperglycemic crisis. In the absence of unequivocal hyperglycemia, diabetes diagnosis is based on two confirmed values of: FPG ≥126 mg/dL (≥7.0 mmol/L), plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL (≥11.1 mmol/L) 2 hours after 75 g oral glucose, or HbA1c of ≥6.5% (≥48 mmol/mol). It is preceded by a state of prediabetes, which is defined by a single fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of 100-125 mg/dL (5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L), or plasma glucose of 140-199 mg/dL (7.8 to 11.0 mmol/L) 2 hours after 75 g oral glucose, or a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of 5.7% to 6.4% (39-47 mmol/mol) in the absence of diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is most often diagnosed following routine screening. 2003 Jun 52(6):1475-84.Īlthough the etiologies of type 1 and type 2 diabetes differ dramatically, both lead to hyperglycemic states, and both share common macrovascular (coronary heart, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular disease) and microvascular (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy) complications. The natural history of progression from normal glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a progressive disorder defined by deficits in insulin secretion and action that lead to abnormal glucose metabolism and related metabolic derangements.
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